Type 2 Diabetes

Symptoms, Diagnosis & Risks

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood sugar (glucose). Different from type 1 diabetes, which is typically diagnosed in childhood, type 2 diabetes is often diagnosed in adulthood and is closely linked to lifestyle factors.

Symptoms

Some of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes to be aware of, include: increased thirst, constant hunger, lack of energy (fatigue), frequent urination, blurred vision, losing substantial weight without trying, and more.

Risk

While there’s no definitive research yet on what causes type 2 diabetes, we do know that there are factors that can put you at higher risk for developing the disease.

Diagnosis

If your doctor suspects you may have type 2 diabetes, he can employ a few tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Management and treatment of type 2 diabetes

The cornerstones of good diabetes management include following a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, monitoring blood glucose levels daily, adhering to your prescribed medication schedule, monitoring for complications and maintaining your emotional health and well-being.

Lifestyle management

Diet

Preparing and eating a healthy diet is important. A variety of healthy foods are needed for a balanced diet.

Weight management

Excess weight is associated with higher blood glucose levels and complications, so it’s important for people with diabetes who are overweight to try and lose weight.

Exercise

Exercise helps regulate insulin levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise weekly.

Emotional Well-Being

Managing your emotional well-being is as important as managing your physical health. The stresses and strains of diabetes management can sometimes seem overwhelming.

Monitoring & Medication

Monitoring

It is important to monitor your blood glucose levels, to make sure that they are at the targets that your healthcare team has prescribed.

Medication

For people with type 2 diabetes, medications are often prescribed. These may include oral medications like metformin or injectable insulin, or other oral or injectable options.

Complications

Complications of diabetes often develop gradually, and usually happen because blood glucose levels remain too high. The longer you have diabetes — and the less controlled your blood glucose levels – the higher the risk of complications. Complications of diabetes include heart disease and stroke, eye disease, kidney disease, foot ulcers, gum disease, nerve damage among others. Regular check-ups and following the diabetes management plan can help reduce the risk of complications.